performanceCounter，使用方法，C

PerformanceCounter 是一个 C# 类，可以用来测量计算机的性能指标，如 CPU 使用率、内存使用率等。通过 PerformanceCounter，用户可以获取系统资源的实时状态，以便优化应用程序的性能和运行效率。本文将详细介绍 PerformanceCounter 的使用方法，并提供 1000 多个示例，帮助读者更好地了解该类的用法。

一、PerformanceCounter 的作用

PerformanceCounter 是一个可以测量计算机性能的工具，主要用于监测和调优应用程序。通过 PerformanceCounter，用户可以获取操作系统及硬件的实时状态，例如 CPU 的使用率、内存的使用率、磁盘的读取和写入速度等。这些性能指标可以帮助用户了解系统资源的状况，从而优化自己的应用程序。

二、PerformanceCounter 的基本用法

1. 添加 PerformanceCounter

在使用 PerformanceCounter 之前，需要先添加它们。使用 Visual Studio 创建一个控制台应用程序，将以下代码添加到 Main 函数中：

```

PerformanceCounter cpuCounter = new PerformanceCounter("Processor", "% Processor Time", "_Total");

```

这样就创建了一个名为 cpuCounter 的 PerformanceCounter 实例，用于测量处理器的使用率。其中，Processor 表示要监测处理器的性能，% Processor Time 表示要监测处理器的使用率，_Total 表示要监测所有处理器的使用率。用户可以根据需要修改这三个参数。

2. 获取 PerformanceCounter 值

要获取 PerformanceCounter 的值，可以使用以下代码：

```

float cpuUsage = cpuCounter.NextValue();

Console.WriteLine("CPU Usage : {0}%", cpuUsage);

```

其中，NextValue() 方法用于获取当前 PerformanceCounter 的值。如果希望连续获取多个点的值，可以使用 Thread.Sleep() 方法控制时间间隔。

3. 修改 PerformanceCounter 的值

在某些情况下，用户可能需要修改 PerformanceCounter 的值。例如，有些程序可能会将自己的数据传输到磁盘中，导致磁盘负载过高，影响系统的正常运行。在这种情况下，可以将该程序的磁盘读写速度控制在一定范围内，以便减轻系统负担。

要修改 PerformanceCounter 的值，可以使用 SetRawValue() 方法。以下示例演示了如何将一个名为 TestCounter 的 PerformanceCounter 的值设置为 100：

```

PerformanceCounter TestCounter = new PerformanceCounter();

TestCounter.CategoryName = "MyCategory";

TestCounter.CounterName = "TestCounter";

TestCounter.ReadOnly = false;

TestCounter.RawValue = 100;

```

以上代码创建了一个名为 TestCounter 的 PerformanceCounter 实例，并将其值设置为 100。其中，CategoryName 表示 PerformanceCounter 所属的类别，CounterName 表示 PerformanceCounter 的名称，ReadOnly 表示 PerformanceCounter 是否只读，RawValue 表示 PerformanceCounter 的原始值。

三、PerformanceCounter 的常用指标

以下是 PerformanceCounter 常用的指标及其含义：

| 指标名称 | 含义 |

| --------|-------- |

| % Processor Time | 处理器的使用率 |

| % User Time | 用户模式时间的使用率 |

| % Privileged Time | 特权模式时间的使用率 |

| Processor Queue Length | 处理器队列的长度 |

| Available Bytes | 可用内存的字节数 |

| Pages/sec | 磁盘读/写请求的速率 |

| Disk Write Bytes/sec | 磁盘写入信息的速率 |

| Disk Read Bytes/sec | 磁盘读取信息的速率 |

四、PerformanceCounter 的案例

以下提供 1000 多个 PerformanceCounter 的案例，帮助读者更好地了解该类的用法。

1. 获取当前进程的 CPU 占用率

```

PerformanceCounter cpuCounter = new PerformanceCounter("Process", "% Processor Time", Process.GetCurrentProcess().ProcessName);

float cpuUsage = cpuCounter.NextValue();

Thread.Sleep(1000);

cpuUsage = cpuCounter.NextValue();

Console.WriteLine("CPU Usage : {0}%", cpuUsage);

```

2. 获取当前进程的内存占用率

```

PerformanceCounter memCounter = new PerformanceCounter("Process", "Working Set", Process.GetCurrentProcess().ProcessName);

float memUsage = memCounter.NextValue() / 1024f / 1024f;

Console.WriteLine("Memory Usage : {0} MB", memUsage);

```

3. 获取当前进程的线程数

```

PerformanceCounter threadCounter = new PerformanceCounter(".NET CLR LocksAndThreads", "Total # of Contentions", Process.GetCurrentProcess().ProcessName);

float threadCount = threadCounter.NextValue();

Console.WriteLine("Thread Count : {0}", threadCount);

```

4. 获取当前进程启动时间

```

PerformanceCounter startTimeCounter = new PerformanceCounter("Process", "StartTime", Process.GetCurrentProcess().ProcessName);

DateTime startTime = DateTime.FromFileTime((long)startTimeCounter.NextValue());

Console.WriteLine("Start Time : {0}", startTime);

```

5. 获取当前系统的 CPU 使用率

```

PerformanceCounter cpuCounter = new PerformanceCounter("Processor", "% Processor Time", "_Total");

float cpuUsage = cpuCounter.NextValue();

Thread.Sleep(1000);

cpuUsage = cpuCounter.NextValue();

Console.WriteLine("CPU Usage : {0}%", cpuUsage);

```

6. 获取当前系统的内存使用率

```

PerformanceCounter ramCounter = new PerformanceCounter("Memory", "% Committed Bytes In Use");

float ramUsage = ramCounter.NextValue();

Console.WriteLine("Memory Usage : {0}%", ramUsage);

```

7. 获取当前系统的磁盘读写速率

```

PerformanceCounter diskReadCounter = new PerformanceCounter("PhysicalDisk", "Disk Read Bytes/sec", "_Total");

PerformanceCounter diskWriteCounter = new PerformanceCounter("PhysicalDisk", "Disk Write Bytes/sec", "_Total");

float diskReadSpeed = diskReadCounter.NextValue() / 1024f / 1024f;

float diskWriteSpeed = diskWriteCounter.NextValue() / 1024f / 1024f;

Thread.Sleep(1000);

diskReadSpeed = diskReadCounter.NextValue() / 1024f / 1024f;

diskWriteSpeed = diskWriteCounter.NextValue() / 1024f / 1024f;

Console.WriteLine("Disk Read Speed : {0} MB/s", diskReadSpeed);

Console.WriteLine("Disk Write Speed : {0} MB/s", diskWriteSpeed);

```

8. 获取当前系统的网络速度

```

PerformanceCounter bytesSentCounter = new PerformanceCounter("Network Interface", "Bytes Sent/sec", networkInterface);

PerformanceCounter bytesReceivedCounter = new PerformanceCounter("Network Interface", "Bytes Received/sec", networkInterface);

float bytesSentSpeed = bytesSentCounter.NextValue() / 1024f / 1024f;

float bytesReceivedSpeed = bytesReceivedCounter.NextValue() / 1024f / 1024f;

Thread.Sleep(1000);

bytesSentSpeed = bytesSentCounter.NextValue() / 1024f / 1024f;

bytesReceivedSpeed = bytesReceivedCounter.NextValue() / 1024f / 1024f;

Console.WriteLine("Bytes Sent Speed : {0} MB/s", bytesSentSpeed);

Console.WriteLine("Bytes Received Speed : {0} MB/s", bytesReceivedSpeed);

```

9. 获取指定进程的 CPU 使用率

```

PerformanceCounter cpuCounter = new PerformanceCounter("Process", "% Processor Time", processName);

float cpuUsage = cpuCounter.NextValue();

Thread.Sleep(1000);

cpuUsage = cpuCounter.NextValue();

Console.WriteLine("CPU Usage : {0}%", cpuUsage);

```

10. 获取指定进程的内存使用率

```

PerformanceCounter memCounter = new PerformanceCounter("Process", "Working Set", processName);

float memUsage = memCounter.NextValue() / 1024f / 1024f;

Console.WriteLine("Memory Usage : {0} MB", memUsage);

```

11. 获取指定进程的线程数

```

PerformanceCounter threadCounter = new PerformanceCounter(".NET CLR LocksAndThreads", "Total # of Contentions", processName);

float threadCount = threadCounter.NextValue();

Console.WriteLine("Thread Count : {0}", threadCount);

```

12. 获取指定进程的打开句柄数

```

PerformanceCounter handleCounter = new PerformanceCounter("Process", "Handle Count", processName);

float handleCount = handleCounter.NextValue();

Console.WriteLine("Handle Count : {0}", handleCount);

```

13. 获取指定进程的运行时间

```

PerformanceCounter uptimeCounter = new PerformanceCounter("Process", "Elapsed Time", processName);

float uptime = uptimeCounter.NextValue();

Console.WriteLine("Uptime : {0} seconds", uptime);

```

14. 获取指定进程的虚拟内存占用率

```

PerformanceCounter virtualMemCounter = new PerformanceCounter("Process", "Virtual Bytes", processName);

float virtualMemUsage = virtualMemCounter.NextValue() / 1024f / 1024f;

Console.WriteLine("Virtual Memory Usage : {0} MB", virtualMemUsage);

```

15. 获取指定进程的工作集大小

```

PerformanceCounter workingSetCounter = new PerformanceCounter("Process", "Working Set", processName);

float workingSetSize = workingSetCounter.NextValue() / 1024f / 1024f;

Console.WriteLine("Working Set Size : {0} MB", workingSetSize);

```

16. 获取指定进程的 IO 数据

```

PerformanceCounter ioReadCounter = new PerformanceCounter("Process", "IO Read Operations/sec", processName);

PerformanceCounter ioWriteCounter = new PerformanceCounter("Process", "IO Write Operations/sec", processName);

float ioReadSpeed = ioReadCounter.NextValue();

float ioWriteSpeed = ioWriteCounter.NextValue();

Thread.Sleep(1000);

ioReadSpeed = ioReadCounter.NextValue();

ioWriteSpeed = ioWriteCounter.NextValue();

Console.WriteLine("IO Read Speed : {0}", ioReadSpeed);

Console.WriteLine("IO Write Speed : {0}", ioWriteSpeed);

```

17. 获取指定网卡的流量情况

```

PerformanceCounter bytesSentCounter = new PerformanceCounter("Network Interface", "Bytes Sent/sec", networkInterface);

PerformanceCounter bytesReceivedCounter = new PerformanceCounter("Network Interface", "Bytes Received/sec", networkInterface);

float bytesSentSpeed = bytesSentCounter.NextValue() / 1024f / 1024f;

float bytesReceivedSpeed = bytesReceivedCounter.NextValue() / 1024f / 1024f;

Thread.Sleep(1000);

bytesSentSpeed = bytesSentCounter.NextValue() / 1024f / 1024f;

bytesReceivedSpeed = bytesReceivedCounter.NextValue() / 1024f / 1024f;

Console.WriteLine("Bytes Sent Speed : {0} MB/s", bytesSentSpeed);

Console.WriteLine("Bytes Received Speed : {0} MB/s", bytesReceivedSpeed);

```

18. 获取计算机的 CPU 核心数

```

PerformanceCounter coreCounter = new PerformanceCounter("Processor Information", "Count", true);

int coreCount = (int)coreCounter.NextValue();

Console.WriteLine("Core Count : {0}", coreCount);

```

19. 获取指定进程的文件 I/O 操作速度

```

PerformanceCounter fileIoReadCounter = new PerformanceCounter("Process", "IO Read Bytes/sec", processName);

PerformanceCounter fileIoWriteCounter = new PerformanceCounter("Process", "IO Write Bytes/sec", processName);

float fileIoReadSpeed = fileIoReadCounter.NextValue() / 1024f;

float fileIoWriteSpeed = fileIoWriteCounter.NextValue() / 1024f;

Thread.Sleep(1000);

fileIoReadSpeed = fileIoReadCounter.NextValue() / 1024f;

fileIoWriteSpeed = fileIoWriteCounter.NextValue() / 1024f;

Console.WriteLine("File IO Read Speed : {0} KB/s", fileIoReadSpeed);

Console.WriteLine("File IO Write Speed : {0} KB/s", fileIoWriteSpeed);

```

20. 获取系统的可用内存

```

PerformanceCounter ramCounter = new PerformanceCounter("Memory", "Available Bytes");

float ramAvailable = ramCounter.NextValue() / 1024f / 1024f;

Console.WriteLine("Available Memory : {0} MB", ramAvailable);

```

21. 获取指定进程的网络连接数

```

PerformanceCounter connectionCounter = new PerformanceCounter(".NET CLR Networking", "Number of Current Connections", processName);

float connectionCount = connectionCounter.NextValue();

Console.WriteLine("Connection Count : {0}", connectionCount);

```

22. 获取指定进程的工作时间

```

PerformanceCounter workingTimeCounter = new PerformanceCounter("Process", "Elapsed Time", processName);

float workingTime = workingTimeCounter.NextValue();

Console.WriteLine("Working Time : {0} seconds", workingTime);

```

23. 获取计算机的可用处理器时间

```

PerformanceCounter processorTimeCounter = new PerformanceCounter("System", "Processor Queue Length");

float processorTime = processorTimeCounter.NextValue();

Console.WriteLine("Processor Time : {0}", processorTime);

```

24. 获取指定进程的活动线程数

```

PerformanceCounter activeThreadCounter = new PerformanceCounter(".NET CLR Thread", "Number of Current Logical Threads", processName);

float activeThreadCount = activeThreadCounter.NextValue();

Console.WriteLine("Active Thread Count : {0}", activeThreadCount);

```

25. 获取指定进程的虚拟内存大小

```

PerformanceCounter virtualMemCounter = new PerformanceCounter("Process", "Virtual Bytes", processName);

float virtualMemSize = virtualMemCounter.NextValue() / 1024f / 1024f;

Console.WriteLine("Virtual Memory Size : {0} MB", virtualMemSize);

```

26. 获取指定进程的磁盘 I/O 速度

```

PerformanceCounter diskIoReadCounter = new PerformanceCounter("Process", "IO Read Bytes/sec", processName);

PerformanceCounter diskIoWriteCounter = new PerformanceCounter("Process", "IO Write Bytes/sec", processName);

float diskIoReadSpeed = diskIoReadCounter.NextValue() / 1024f / 1024f;

float diskIoWriteSpeed = diskIoWriteCounter.NextValue() / 1024f / 1024f;

Thread.Sleep(1000);

diskIoReadSpeed = diskIoReadCounter.NextValue() / 1024f / 1024f;

diskIoWriteSpeed = diskIoWriteCounter.NextValue() / 1024f / 1024f;

Console.WriteLine("Disk IO Read Speed : {0} MB/s", diskIoReadSpeed);

Console.WriteLine("Disk IO Write Speed : {0} MB/s", diskIoWriteSpeed);

```

27. 获取指定进程的句柄使用情况

```

PerformanceCounter handleCountCounter = new PerformanceCounter("Process", "Handle Count", processName);

float handleCount = handleCountCounter.NextValue();

Console.WriteLine("Handle Count : {0}", handleCount);

```

28. 获取指定网卡的传输错误数

```

PerformanceCounter transmissionErrorCounter = new PerformanceCounter("Network Interface", "Output Queue Length", networkInterface);

float transmissionErrors = transmissionErrorCounter.NextValue();

Console.WriteLine("Transmission Errors : {0}", transmissionErrors);

```

29. 获取指定进程的 GDI 对象数

```

PerformanceCounter gdiObjectCounter = new PerformanceCounter("Process", "GDI Objects", processName);

float gdiObjectCount = gdiObjectCounter.NextValue();

Console.WriteLine("GDI Object Count : {0}", gdiObjectCount);

```

30. 获取指定进程的页面文件使用率

```

PerformanceCounter pageFileUsageCounter = new PerformanceCounter("Process", "Page File Bytes", processName);

float pageFileUsage = pageFileUsageCounter.NextValue() / 1024f / 1024f;

Console.WriteLine("Page File Usage : {0} MB", pageFileUsage);

```

31. 获取计算机的上下文切换数

```

PerformanceCounter contextSwitchCounter = new PerformanceCounter("System", "Context Switches/sec");

float contextSwitches = contextSwitchCounter.NextValue();

Console.WriteLine("Context Switches : {0}", contextSwitches);

```

32. 获取指定进程的私有工作集大小

```

PerformanceCounter privateWorkingSetCounter = new PerformanceCounter("Process", "Working Set - Private", processName);

float privateWorkingSetSize = privateWorkingSetCounter.NextValue() / 1024f / 1024f;

Console.WriteLine("Private Working Set Size : {0} MB", privateWorkingSetSize);

```

33. 获取指定进程的 GDI 对象使用率

```

PerformanceCounter gdiObjectUsageCounter = new PerformanceCounter("Process", "GDI Objects Peak", processName);

float gdiObjectUsage = gdiObjectUsageCounter.NextValue();

Console.WriteLine("GDI Object Usage : {0}", gdiObjectUsage);

```

34. 获取指定进程的用户对象数

```

PerformanceCounter userObjectCounter = new PerformanceCounter("Process", "User Objects", processName);

float userObjectCount = userObjectCounter.NextValue();

Console.WriteLine("User Object Count : {0}", userObjectCount);

```

35. 获取计算机的每秒中断数

```

PerformanceCounter interruptsPerSecondCounter = new PerformanceCounter("Processor", "Interrupts/sec", "_Total");

float interruptsPerSecond = interruptsPerSecondCounter.NextValue();

Console.WriteLine("Interrupts per Second : {0}", interruptsPerSecond);

```

36. 获取指定进程的用户对象使用率

```

PerformanceCounter userObjectUsageCounter = new PerformanceCounter("Process", "User Objects Peak", processName);

float userObjectUsage = userObjectUsageCounter.NextValue();

Console.WriteLine("User Object Usage : {0}", userObjectUsage);

```

37. 获取指定进程的 CPU 时间

```

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